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Depression & Other Mood Disorders

Depression, or major depressive disorder, is a common mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities. It can affect how a person thinks, feels, and handles daily activities, leading to significant impairment in various aspects of life. Symptoms include changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness, and thoughts of death or suicide.

  • Other Mood Disorders:

  • Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia):

    • Description: Chronic low-grade depression lasting for at least two years, with symptoms that may be less severe than major depressive disorder but are persistent.
       

  • Bipolar Disorder:

    • Description: Involves cycles of depressive episodes and periods of mania or hypomania. See the detailed description in the previous response.
       

  • Cyclothymic Disorder:

    • Description: Chronic mood disturbance involving numerous episodes of hypomania and depression that do not meet the criteria for bipolar disorder.
       

  • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD):

    • Description: Recurrent depressive episodes that occur seasonally, often during the fall and winter months when there is less natural sunlight.
       

  • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD):

    • Description: Severe mood disturbances occurring in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, leading to significant impairment in daily functioning.
       

  • Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD):

    • Description: Primarily diagnosed in children and adolescents, characterized by severe and persistent irritability and frequent temper outbursts.

  • Substance-Induced Mood Disorder:

    • Description: Mood disturbances resulting from the use of substances such as drugs or alcohol, or withdrawal from them.
       

  • Major Depressive Disorder with Psychotic Features:

    • Description: Major depressive disorder accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions.
       

  • Postpartum Depression:

    • Description: Occurs after childbirth, characterized by symptoms similar to major depressive disorder. It can affect both mothers and fathers.
       

  • Other Specified and Unspecified Depressive Disorders:

    • Description: Categories used when the specific nature of the mood disorder does not fit into standard classifications.
       

  • Treatment:

  • Treatment for mood disorders often involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressant medications, and support groups are commonly used to help individuals manage symptoms and improve overall well-being. It's important for individuals experiencing symptoms of a mood disorder to seek professional help for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

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